2019年4月10日星期三

AARN Environmental Anthropology eJournal, Vol. 4 No. 29, 04/10/2019

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SSRN developed the Anthropology & Archaeology Research Network with support from the American Anthropological Association (AAA). Founded in 1902, the AAA is the world's largest professional and scholarly society of anthropologists. AAA publishes 23 journals and a member magazine, supports professional development, and hosts several meetings and conferences each year to promote knowledge exchange and its use to solve human problems. Visit americananthro.org for additional information about the organization.


Table of Contents

The Urban Environmental Renaissance

Katrina Wyman, New York University School of Law
Danielle Spiegel-Feld, New York University School of Law, Guarini Center on Environmental, Energy & Land Use Law

Relinquishing Riches: Auctions vs Informal Negotiations in Texas Oil and Gas Leasing

Thomas Covert, University of Chicago - Booth School of Business
Richard Sweeney, Boston College - Department of Economics

Energy and Investing

Bradford Cornell, California Institute of Technology

Collaborating Through NEPA: Achieving a Social License to Operate on Federal Public Lands

Temple Stoellinger, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources, University of Wyoming College of Law
L. Steven Smutko, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources
Jessica M. Western, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources


ENVIRONMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY eJOURNAL

"The Urban Environmental Renaissance" Free Download
California Law Review _(2020) (Forthcoming)
NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 19-08

KATRINA WYMAN, New York University School of Law
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DANIELLE SPIEGEL-FELD, New York University School of Law, Guarini Center on Environmental, Energy & Land Use Law
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City governments were an important source of environmental protection in the United States from the 1800s until well into the 1900s. However, since Congress passed a series of landmark environmental statutes in the 1970s, scholars have primarily equated environmental law with federal law. To the extent that scholars consider sub-national sources of environmental law, they typically focus on states, rather than cities. This article shines a light on the role of cities in contemporary environmental law. It argues that major American cities are currently reviving cities' historical role as leaders in environmental lawmaking, and proposes mechanisms for expanding their scope to innovate within the framework that the 1970s federal environmental statutes established.

The article makes three significant contributions to existing literature. First, it resurrects the little-known history of early municipal efforts to protect their environments, which attests to cities' long-standing interest in environmental matters. Second, the article incorporates an original survey of environmental policies that cities have developed in recent years, which demonstrates the breadth of lawmaking that has largely been overlooked. Third, the article offers a framework for conceptualizing the interplay between federal, state and local laws and suggests strategies for finding greater space for municipal policy experimentation within the jurisdictional authority that cities possess.

"Relinquishing Riches: Auctions vs Informal Negotiations in Texas Oil and Gas Leasing" Free Download
University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2019-52

THOMAS COVERT, University of Chicago - Booth School of Business
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RICHARD SWEENEY, Boston College - Department of Economics
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This paper compares outcomes from informally negotiated oil and gas leases to those awarded via centralized auction. We use data on all contractual characteristics and production outcomes for a class of state-owned mineral rights overlying newly dis- covered shale formations in Texas, between 2005 and 2016. On roughly three quarters of this land, the Texas Relinquishment Act of 1919 authorizes private individuals who own surface-only rights to negotiate mineral leases on behalf of the public in exchange for half of the proceeds. The remainder are allocated via centralized auctions. Using variation from this natural experiment, we find that almost a century after leasing mechanisms were assigned, auctioned leases generate 67% larger up-front payments than negotiated leases do. The two mechanisms also allocate mineral rights to different oil and gas companies, and leases allocated by auction are 44% more productive. These results are consistent with theoretical intuitions that centralized, formal mechanisms, like auctions, outperform decentralized and informal mechanisms, in both seller revenues and allocative efficiency. Our findings have important implications for the more than $3 trillion of minerals owned by private individuals in the US, the vast majority of which transact in informal and decentralized settings.

"Energy and Investing" Free Download

BRADFORD CORNELL, California Institute of Technology
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This paper examines some of the investment implications of what is called the "great transformation" by which renewable sources of energy replace the current reliance on carbon-based fuels. To set the stage, the paper begins by presenting detailed data on past, current and forecast future energy usage. The data imply that the great transformation will be very expensive. The paper then turns to the question of how the transformation will be financed. It is argued that the political environment will be an important determinant of the financing form.

"Collaborating Through NEPA: Achieving a Social License to Operate on Federal Public Lands" Free Download
Public Land & Resources Law Review, Vol. 39, 2018

TEMPLE STOELLINGER, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources, University of Wyoming College of Law
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L. STEVEN SMUTKO, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources
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JESSICA M. WESTERN, University of Wyoming - School of Environment & Natural Resources
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As demand and consumption of natural gas increases, so will drilling operations to extract the natural gas on federal public lands. Fueled by the shale gas revolution, natural gas drilling operations are now frequently taking place, not only in the highly documented urban settings, but also on federal public lands with high conservation value. The phenomenon of increased drilling in sensitive locations, both urban and remote, has sparked increased public opposition, requiring oil and gas producers to reconsider how they engage the public. Oil and gas producers have increasingly deployed the concept of a social license to operate to gain support from the public and the communities in which they operate. A social license to operate is a voluntary license granted by communities, obligating companies to go above and beyond the requirements of their legal license to operate. While natural gas developers have increasingly sought to achieve a social license to operate in urban settings, such as the Colorado Front Range, there has been little use of this approach by operators drilling on federal public land. We advocate for the use of increased collaboration with affected stakeholders and communities through the NEPA process as a means to achieve a social license to operate on federal public land.

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About this eJournal

Supported by: American Anthropological Association (AAA)

This eJournal distributes working and accepted paper abstracts of environmental anthropology, including all studies that address nature-culture divides, borders, and interactions. The topics in this eJournal include: Cultural Ecology & Subsistence; Space, Place, & Tourism; Political Ecology; Natural Disasters; Negative Results - Environmental Anthropology.

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AARN SUBJECT MATTER EJOURNALS

LOUISE LAMPHERE
University of New Mexico - Department of Anthropology
Email: lamphere@unm.edu

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