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2019年2月18日星期一
Fwd: Miles of Mostly Vacant Lots
Fwd: Open Positions at TSLR - Join Our Team
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Fwd: American Go E-Journal for 01/29/2019
American Go E-Journal
Upcoming Go Events: Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco
Jan 28, 2019 05:10 pm | Roger Schrag
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/upcoming-go-events-sacramento/
February 3: Chicago, IL
2019 "Welcome Spring" Friendly Go Tournament
(https://photos.app.goo.gl/PakMz2jXzw4aenFP8)
Guo, Xinming (Simon) goandmath@gmail.com (mailto:goandmath@gmail.com)
312-361-0358
February 3: Seattle, WA
Seattle Go Center Monthly Ratings Tournament (http://www.seattlego.org/events/)
Mike Malveaux programs@seattlego.org (mailto:programs@seattlego.org)
206-545-1424
February 9: Seattle, WA
Seattle Speed League – February! (http://www.seattlego.org/events/)
Mike Malveaux programs@seattlego.org (mailto:programs@seattlego.org)
206-545-1424
February 10: San Francisco, CA
2019 Jujo Ing Cup
(https://www.eventbrite.com/e/2019-jujo-ing-cup-tickets-54079984690)
Ernest Brown indagoe49@gmail.com (mailto:indagoe49@gmail.com) 415-606-7641
Mike Bull bull@lmi.net (mailto:bull@lmi.net) 510-220-0760
Get the latest go events information (http://www.usgo.org/event-calendar) .
AlphaGo vs. AlphaGo; Game 27: That kind of a game
Jan 27, 2019 09:36 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/alphago-vs-alphago-game-27-that-kind-of-a-game/
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.27_AG-27-thumbnail.jpgMichael
Redmond 9p, hosted by the AGA E-Journal's Chris Garlock, continue
their popular series with a review of the 27th game
(https://youtu.be/z1JI4nwbdzY) of the AlphaGo vs. AlphaGo selfplay
games. The 50-game series was published by Deepmind after AlphaGo's
victory over world champion Ke Jie 9p in May 2017.
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.27_AG-27-thumbnail-redmond.jpgThis
game features two of the AG 3-3 invasions, a symmetrical shape and
then "group after group appear on the upper side, right next to each
other, and we're going to have fun counting the number of groups,"
says Redmond. "So it's going to be that kind of a game."
"Simply astounding game," writes GerSHAK. "One of my favourites so
far. Incredible detective work from Michael. Thank you so much." Adds
Rory Mitchell: "Wow! Just…wow!"
These videos are made possible by the support of the American Go
Association; please consider joining today!
Video produced by Michael Wanek & Andrew Jackson.
download SGF file
(http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.25_AG-27annotated.sgf)
Strong players under 20 wanted for 6th GLOBIS
Jan 26, 2019 03:43 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/strong-players-under-20-wanted-for-6th-globis/
The AGA is seeking a representative from North America to
participate in the 6th GLOBIS Cup U-20 World Go Championship to be
held in Tokyo, Japan between April 18-22. To be eligible, the player
must be under 20 years old as of Jan. 1, 2019. Food and lodging will
be paid for (including for a chaperone if the player is under 18), but
NOT the cost of getting to and from Japan. If you are interested in
participating or have any questions, please write to
tournaments@usgo.org (mailto:tournaments@usgo.org) no later than
Sunday, Feb. 3. Depending on the number of entries received there may
be a preliminary tournament sometime between Feb. 4 and Feb. 15 to
make the final selection.
- Jeff Shaevel, AGA National Tournament Coordinator
Multilingual Go Book Project launches
Jan 25, 2019 10:40 am | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/multilingual-go-book-project-launches/
The simplest ideas are often the most complex. For example: a basic
go book in multiple languages to spread the game around the world.
That's the idea behind the Multilingual Go Book Project
(https://www.gobook.eu/) . "The project came to be due to the
difficultieshttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.25_A-Go-Guide-cover.jpg
of promoting go in my home country, Greece," says H. Kapolos. "We
didn't have educational material in our language and there were young
people and adults who wanted to learn the game, but could not read
English."
When Kapolos participated in the European Go Championship, he noticed
"that some countries around our division and our region didn't have
too many young players in them either," and it occurred to him that
"maybe they need a book in their language as well. Something that
could circulate in libraries, schools, universities and game shops.
Places where young people with a passion for board games might be
found." So, he thought, "why should we stop at only English and Greek?
We should make the book in more languages and have it be free for
everyone."
So far, the project has two books of 192 pages of content — more than
700 diagrams each — in English and Greek, both completely free.
Kapolos is now looking for collaborators to translate it into other
languages, "especially in Spanish and Portuguese, whose translations
have already begun."
The Power Report (4/4): Ishida Yoshio scores 1100th win; 2018 stats
and recent promotions
Jan 23, 2019 12:00 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/the-power-report-44-ishida-yoshio-scores-1100th-win-2018-stats-and-recent-promotions/
by John Power, Japan correspondent for the E-Journal
Ishida Yoshio scores 1100^th win: In a game in Preliminary C of the
45^th Gosei tournament, Ishida Yoshio 9P (also known as 24^th Honinbo
Shuho) (W) beat Tsurumaru Keiichi 7P by resignation. This was his
1100th official win (to 692 losses and one no-result). He is the 15^th
player to reach this landmark.
Promotion: To 4-dan: (Ms.) Okuda Aya (50 wins, as of January 18)
2018 statistics: Here are some of the statistics for last year.
Most wins: 1. Shibano Toramaru 7P (second year in a row): 46 wins, 23
losses; 2. Ichiriki Ryo 8P, (Ms.) Fujisawa Rina 4P: 43-23; 4. Fujita
Akihiko 6P: 41-8; Onishi Ryuhei 3P: 41-11; 6. Yamashita Keigo 9P:
40-23
7. Mutsuura Yuta 7P: 37-18; 8. Koike Yoshihiro 3P: 36-12; 9. Seki
Kotaro 2P: 35-15; (Ms.) Ueno Asami 2P: 35-20; (Ms.) Nyu Eiko 2P:
35-23; Iyama Yuta: 35-26; 13. Kyo Kagen Gosei: 32-13; Kono Rin 9P:
32-16; 15. Hane Naoki 9P: 30-17
Best winning percentage: 1. Fujita Akihiko: 83.67%; 2. Onishi Ryuhei:
78.85%; 3. Koike Yoshihiro: 75%
Most successive wins: 1. Koike Yoshihiro: 19; 2. Seki Kotaro: 15; 3.
Onishi Ruhei: 14
Promotions based on 2018 prize-winnings
These promotions are based on the prize-winnings list, but note that
there may be players who won more but were promoted by other means,
that is, cumulative wins or entering a league, etc. Only prize money
for the top seven titles is counted. One 6-dan is promoted,
accompanied by two each from the lower ranks. Promotions take effect
as of January 1, 2019.
To 7-dan: Fujita Akihiko
To 6-dan: Tsuruta Kazushi, Adachi Toshimasa
To 5-dan: Yo Chito, Ito Masashi
To 4-dan: Onishi Ryuhei, Koike Yoshihiro
To 3-dan: Otake Yu, Hirose Yuichi
To 2-dan: Shibano Ryunosuke (older brother of Toramaru), (Ms.) Kaneko Maki
World Collegiate Weichi Championship set for July 7-13 in Australia
Jan 23, 2019 09:00 am | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/world-collegiate-weichi-championship-set-for-july-7-13-in-australia/
The 2019 International Collegiate Go Tournament, hosted by the Ing
Foundation, will be held at the University of Sydney, in
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-collegiate-tourney.jpgAustralia
this summer. The event runs July 7-13 and is open to any current,
future, or recently graduated college (both undergraduate and
graduate) student who will, or has attended school in the year 2019.
All costs related to room, board, tours, and travel during the event
will be covered by the Ing foundation. The student is responsible for
getting to and from the tournament site (both international and
domestic travel costs), and for any personal expenses.
Links for more info and to register: Facebook
(https://www.facebook.com/events/381140682654318/) ; schedule
(http://www.ycqweiqi.com/Content.aspx?Type=2&CId=705) ; regulations
(http://www.ycqweiqi.com/Content.aspx?Type=2&CId=700) ; registration
form (http://www.ycqweiqi.com/Content.aspx?Type=2&CId=707) .
Players of all skill levels are welcome to participate. There will be
five divisions this year: a high dan, low dan, single digit kyu,
double digit kyu and women's division. "There is currently no deadline
for applying, but please apply early as there are a limited number of
spots available," says Mike Fodera, who notes that "The selection
process will be on a first come first serve basis." You can send your
registration forms directly to him at mdf116@gmail.com.
Go in the News/Go Spotting (the catch-up edition)
Jan 22, 2019 09:42 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/go-in-the-newsgo-spotting-the-catch-up-edition/
Go in Cuba: Chinese board game GO experiences wide popularity in
Cuba (https://america.cgtn.com/2019/01/17/chinese-board-game-go-experiences-wide-popularity-in-cuba)
: The Chinese board-game GO has been played
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.22_Go-in-Cuba.pngsince
ancient times, but it remains popular around the world even today. One
country with a large GO following is Cuba. CGTN's Luis Chirino took a
look at the rise of the game in Havana.
Mecha Samurai Empire: "Found a short reference to go in Mecha Samurai
Empire (https://www.amazon.com/Mecha-Samurai-Empire-United-States/dp/0451490991)
by Peter Tieryas," reports Michael Goerss. "Protagonist is a mecha
pilot in a world where Japan and Germany won World War 2 a la The Man
In The High Castle. Page 304, 'I've become all too aware of how we are
just numbers to those in charge, go pieces on the field that help them
on their march to glory. We're young and disposable.'"
The New Yorker (1): How the Artificial-intelligence Program Alphazero
Mastered its Games;
(https://portside.org/2018-12-30/how-artificial-intelligence-program-alphazero-mastered-its-games)
"What may be most surprising is that we humans have done as well as we
have in games that seem, now, to have been made for machines," James
Somers reports in the 12/30/18 New Yorker.
The New Yorker (2): "It may be that references to go are becoming
common enough to make go-spotting too easy," writes Fred D. Baldwin.
"But I liked this passage from The New Yorker (December 24 & 31),
'China's Bizarre Program to Keep Activists in Check.'" The focus is
on government surveillance of Zha Jianguo, "a veteran democracy
activist." The article's author includes this quote from an interview
with Jianguo: Jianguo views these developments soberly. He has long
since shed any illusions of fast social change or enduring media
attention. "If I'm sentenced for another nine years, or twelve or
thirteen years," he told me calmly, "I'll just forget about the
outside world and focus on my life inside prison. Family and loved
ones—well, those thoughts will be there for a while. It will take
time. I'll read some books, play some Go, get on with my cellmates.
I'll try to make the best out of each day. I'll think about nothing
else, nobody else."
"Pine Gap": In Netflix's episode 6 of the new 6-part
shhttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.22_Blindspot.pngow
'Pine Gap,' a show about US/ Australian/ Chinese
military/political/economic relationships, there is a brief monologue
by a Chinese character talking to an American about how Chess v.s. Go
thinking affects how each country responds to the other, reports David
Doshay. "And to drive home the point, a few scenes later the same
Chinese guy compliments another person on how well they played 'the
long game.'"
Georg Jellinek: "In a recent Amazon search for the works of German
political theorist Georg Jellinek, I discovered that the cover design
for the Spanish translation
(https://www.amazon.com/Teor%C3%ADa-general-Politica-Derecho-Spanish/dp/9681659503/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544194669&sr=8-2&keywords=Georg+Jellinek)
of his Allgemeine Staatslehre (General theory of the state) features
go," writes Colin Grant. "I am not familiar with the text, so I can't
vouch for the felicity of the match."
Sandra and Woo; Blindspot: "Saw and heard about two different go
sightings today, reports Steve Colburn. "One is from a webcomic I read
about a young girl and her talking raccoon, Sandra and Woo
(http://www.sandraandwoo.com/2018/10/15/1030-dating-tips-for-boys-part-4-of-4/)
. The other is from the season premiere of Blindspot (left) which was
told to me by my boss. I've included a screenshot from the show from
Hulu."
The Power Report (3/4): Ueno makes good start in Women's Kisei; Xie
to challenge for Women's Meijin
Jan 22, 2019 12:00 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/the-power-report-34-ueno-makes-good-start-in-womens-kisei-xie-to-challenge-for-womens-meijin/
by John Power, Japan correspondent for the
E-Journalhttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-Ueno-left.jpg
Ueno makes good start in Women's Kisei: The first game in the 22^nd
Women's Kisei title match was held at the Hotel Sunlife Garden in
Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, on January 17. The defending
champion Ueno Asami (W, at left in photo) beat Fujisawa Rina by 2.5
points after a marathon 310 moves. The challenger took the lead in
territory early on, but
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-Xie-WMeijin.jpgUeno
attacked tenaciously and finally overhauled Fujisawa in the endgame.
The second game will be held on January 28.
Xie to challenge for Women's Meijin: Xie Yimin 6P (left) may be
titleless for the first time in over a decade, but you can't keep her
out of the action. In the play-off to decide the challenger for the
31stWomen's Meijin title, she beat Koyama Terumi 6P by resignation
after 179 moves. She will challenge Fujisawa Rina for the title.
Koyama, who has won this title four times, was hoping to play in her
first title match for 13 years.
Tomorrow: Ishida Yoshio scores 1100^th win; 2018 stats and recent promotions
Links:
3. https://us1.campaign-archive.com/?e=cb2aa72aff&u=bc8dd13391088ff007261ae07&id=f8b2ffa21a
4. https://usgo.us1.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=bc8dd13391088ff007261ae07&id=2e001d4ebd&e=cb2aa72aff&c=f8b2ffa21a
5. https://usgo.us1.list-manage.com/profile?u=bc8dd13391088ff007261ae07&id=2e001d4ebd&e=cb2aa72aff
6. http://us1.forward-to-friend.com/forward?u=bc8dd13391088ff007261ae07&id=f8b2ffa21a&e=cb2aa72aff
Fwd: American Go E-Journal for 01/22/2019
Upcoming Go Events: Seattle
Jan 21, 2019 03:45 pm | Roger Schrag
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/upcoming-go-events-sacramento/
February 3: Seattle, WA
Seattle Go Center Monthly Ratings Tournament (http://www.seattlego.org/events/)
Mike Malveaux programs@seattlego.org (mailto:programs@seattlego.org)
206-545-1424
Get the latest go events information (http://www.usgo.org/event-calendar) .
SoCal Chinese Club hosts Southern California Go Championship Feb 16-17
Jan 21, 2019 01:00 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/socal-chinese-club-hosts-southern-california-go-championship-feb-16-17/
The Southern California Chinese Go Club will host a 2-day, 6-round
major tournament February 16-17 in Irvine, California. This will be
the sixth consecutive year that Jay Zheng has sponsored this event,
formally known as the Southern California Go Championship. The event,
which will expand to six rounds, will be held at a venue in Orange
County near the John Wayne airport. In addition to cash awards and
trophies, snacks and refreshments will be provided to ensure that
players have enough energy to play long hours of go. Record turnout of
around 100 is expected, including a very competitive Open section.
Click here (https://www.goclubs.org/dbm/Tlogin.php) to pre-register
by Feb 13.
- Kevin Chao
The Power Report (2/4): League updates; Judan challenger
Jan 21, 2019 12:00 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/the-power-report-24-league-updates-judan-challenger/
by John Power, Japan correspondent for the
E-Journalhttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-Honinbo-league.png
Honinbo League: The fourth round of the 74^th Honinbo League has been
completed. Instead of one player breaking clear, the position has
become complicated, with four players sharing the lead. On January 7,
Yamashita Keigo 9P (W) beat Anzai Nobuaki 7P by half a point. That
improved Yamashita's score to 2-2, so he is still in the running to
win the league (he's also helped by his number one ranking). Anzai
goes to 0-4, so he looks unlikely to retain his league seat. However,
the narrow margin shows that he is not being outclassed. In the second
game, played on January 10, Yo Seiki 8P (B) beat Hane Naoki 9P by
resig. Yo and Hane are now both on 3-1. The only undefeated player at
this point was Ichiriki Ryo 8P, who was on 3-0. On January 17, he
played Shibano Toramaru 7P; taking white, the latter beat him by
resignation, so both went to 3-1. On the same day, Kono Rin 9P (W)
beat Ko Iso 8P by resignation. Kono improved to 2-2, but Ko went down
to 0-4. Ko also looks like losing his
place, but being ranked number two gives him a slight advantage over Anzai.
Meijin League: Two games in the second round of the 44thMeijin League
were played on January 10. Kono Rin 9P (B)
beathttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-Meijin-league.png
Mutsuura Yuta 7P by resig. and Shibano Toramaru 7P (W) beat Murakawa
Daisuke 8P by 2.5 points. Two more games were played on January 17,
and one of them could have a big effect on the league. Suzuki Shinji
7P (B) beat the favorite, Iyama Yuta, by half a point. In the other
game, Son Makoto 7P (W) beat Hane Naoki 9P by resignation. On 2-0,
Kono is the provisional leader.
Judan challenger: Murakawa or Takao: The first semifinal of the 57^th
Judan tournament was played on December 27, with Takao Shinji 9P (W)
beating Yamashita Keigo 9P by 2.5 points. The second was held on
January 7. Murakawa Daisuke 8P (W) beat Onishi Ryuhei 4P by resig.
Tomorrow: Ueno makes good start in Women's Kisei; Xie to challenge for
Women's Meijin
4th South Central Go Tournament set for Feb 16-17
Jan 20, 2019 03:47 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/4th-south-central-go-tournament-set-for-feb-16-17/
The fourth running of the South Central Go Tournament will be held
Presidents' Day weekend — February 16 and 17 — in
Dallashttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.20-2017-south-central.jpg
Texas. There will be Open and Handicap Sections. Prior events have
drawn around 40 players and from several states. Prizes will be
awarded in both the Open and Handicap Sections, and the Texas resident
who finishes best in the Open Section will become the 2019 Texas State
Champion.
Players can register for the tournament on-line
(https://www.goclubs.org/dbm/Tlogin.php) ; updated information is
available on Facebook (www.facebook.com/southcentralgotournament%20) ,
where there's also a registration button. Send questions about the
Texas State Championship to Bart Jacob at bart.jacob@gmail.com
(mailto:bart.jacob@gmail.com) . Send general questions about the
tournament to bobgilman.aga@gmail.com (mailto:bobgilman.aga@gmail.com)
photo: at the 2017 tournament
The Power Report (1/4): Chen Yaoye wins 1st Tianfu Cup; Iyama makes
good start in Kisei
Jan 20, 2019 03:20 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/the-power-report-14-chen-yaoye-wins-1st-tianfu-cup-iyama-makes-good-start-in-kisei/
by John Power, Japan correspondent for the E-Journal
Chen Yaoye wins 1st Tianfu Cup: The semifinals of the 1st Tianfu Cup
were held on December 21 and the best-of-three final on December 23,
25, and 26. In one semifinal, Chen Yaoye 9P of China (W) defeated Park
Junghwan 9P of Korea by resig. In the other, Shin Jinseo 9P of Korea
(B) beat Jiang Weijie 9P of China by resig. In the first game of the
final, Chen (W) won by resig.; in the second, Shin (W) won by 2.5
points. In the deciding game, Chen (B) won by resig. Chen, who turned
29 on December 16, won his third international title; Shin missed the
chance to take his first. First prize is 2,000,000 yuan (about
$292,000).
Iyama makes good start in Kisei: The first game of the 43rd2019.01.20
Yamashita 1st move in Kisei Kisei best-of-seven title match was held
at the familiar venue of the Hotel Chinzanso Tokyo in Bunkyo Ward on
January 10 and 11. It featured a familiar pairing: Yamashita Keigo
challenging Iyama Yuta Kisei for the fourth time, including three
times in a row from 2014 to 2016. Iyama has held this title for six
years in a row; Yamashita (at right in photo, making the first move)
has won it five times, including four years in a row. Besides that,
Iyama has made one unsuccessful challenge and Yamashita has made
unsuccessful challenges to Hane Naoki 9P and Cho U 9P.
Yamashita drew black in the nigiri. Yamashita started out by taking
the lead in territory, then fell behind, and then upset Iyama's lead.
However, Yamashita apparently thought he was still behind, so he
started a risky fight and perished. He resigned after 172 moves. If he
had played more peacefully, he would have had a good chance of
winning.
The second game will be played on January 21 and 22.
Tomorrow: League updates; Judan challenger
Canadian go news updates
Jan 20, 2019 09:00 am | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/canadian-go-news-updates/
by James Sedgwick, president of the Canadian Go Association
(http://canadiango.org/)
CGA summer go camp: We're now ready to accept registrations. As
previously noted the event will take place August 18-23 2019, at
Jouvence resort inside Mount Orford national park. Please go to the
camp web page (http://info.go-canada.org/summer-2019-go-camp/) for
more details and follow instructions to register. This is going to be
a very special event, don't miss it!
2019 CGA online league about to start: Registration
(https://canadiango.org/league/round/6115) closes for the first
session of 2019 this Tuesday January 15th. 36 players are already
registered. As always this is a great chance for some serious games
with friends in the Canadian Go community.
Upcoming events
* We Go open tournament (http://canadiango.org/event/display/6116) :
Saturday January 26th, Waterloo Ontario
* We Go children's competition
(http://canadiango.org/event/display/6117) : Sunday January 27th,
Waterloo Ontario
* Montreal Winter cup (http://canadiango.org/event/display/6113) :
Saturday February 23rd
* 9th annual Brock Go tournament : Saturday March 2nd (event web page
not yet posted)
* Toronto spring meet (http://canadiango.org/event/display/6112) :
Saturday April 27th
New Go web site: Since gogameguru.com (http://gogameguru.com/)
stopped active publishing a couple years back there has been a gap in
English language online publishing. The web site explore baduk
(http://explorebaduk.com/) has now opened, and it is producing
significant content. There is a book (https://explorebaduk.com/book/)
reviewing what it is like to study (as a European) at a Chinese Go
school. And there a a regular sequence of articles being published
with game reviews, new variations, etc. Definitely worth adding this
site to your regular browsing! They are making heavy use of AI
analysis, making it possible to produce studies in English that
couldn't have been done before without feedback from top
professionals.
Yoon-Young Kim 4P reviews top professional games: A couple years the
AGA YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/usgoweb) regularly had
this sort of review. But recently they have been focused on the
Alphago game reviews, along with some of Michael Redmond's personal
games. These are wonderful, but its also nice to see top tournament
games reviewed. Yoon-young kim has stepped in to fill some of this
gap. Recent reviews include games from the Tianfu cup, and the
Chunlan Cup. Have a look at her twitch channel
(https://www.twitch.tv/kimyoonyoung/videos/all) , and enjoy!
Redmond's Reviews, Episode 13: Redmond 9p v. Cho U 9p
Jan 19, 2019 08:55 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/redmonds-reviews-episode-13-redmond-9p-v-cho-u-9p/
Michael Redmond 9p, hosted by the AGA E-Journal's Chris Garlock,
takes a break from analyzing the AlphaGo self-played
gameshttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.18_Redmond-ChoU2018-screengrab.jpg
to review his own recent game against Cho U 9P
(https://youtu.be/LN1HKbZW4B4) . This game was played just a few days
after Cho U became the Meijin and Redmond — who went into this game
with a 2-2 record against Cho — says he can see
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.18_Redmond-ChoU2018-screengrab2.jpg"how
much studying with computer programs has changed Cho's game." Cho is
"a very precise player," Redmond says, which makes him very tough in
the middle and endgame, but "even top professional players have a hard
time assigning exact values to positions in the opening" and "the big
change I saw in this game is that Cho seems much more confident in his
opening, and knew exactly what the computer values were for the
various positions in the
opening." Redmond also shares his own experiences with studying with a go AI.
These videos are made possible by the support of the American Go
Association; please consider joining (http://www.usgo.org/join-now)
today!
Video produced by Michael Wanek & Andrew Jackson.
download SGF file
(http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.18_Redmond-ChoU2018.sgf)
Cho Hunhyun 9P's memoir published in English
Jan 18, 2019 07:33 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/cho-hunhyun-9ps-memoir-published-in-english/
"I don't know anything else but Go…However, it doesn't mean I don't
know about life." Thus begins "Go with the Flow: How the
(https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07H3N4WVR)
http://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.17-Go-With-The-Flow.jpgGreat
Master of Go Trained His Mind," (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07H3N4WVR)
the memoirs of Cho Hunhyun, one of the greatest go masters in history,
now published in English and available on Amazon. A Korean
professional since the age of nine, Cho has won 1,935 matches and
amassed 150 professional titles, more than any player in the world.
He's held all of the open tournaments in Korea three times, in 1980,
1982 and 1986, and has won 11 international titles, third most in the
world behind Lee Chang-ho (21) and Lee Sedol (15).
A bestseller in Japan and China as well as Korea, "Go with the Flow"
breaks new ground for go books. "We in the West now have many books
and teachers that can instruct us how to play the game," writes AGA
president Andy Okun, "but few that tell us what it is like to be a top
Go player." Cho "does this with great openness," Okun continues,
"telling us his emotions, his feelings and perceptions, as he goes
through the very taxing life necessary to have a chance to be a
champion…What emerges is the portrait of a remarkable man, who had a
rich, full life and wide-ranging interests, but all concentrated in a
sense by the lens of Go. It was a joy to read."
Cho's memoir also includes "many episodes about players who earned
Cho's respect," writes Michael Redmond 9P, "giving us a fascinating
collection of stories about the best Go players of the 20th
century…This book can be enjoyed by anyone who has an interest in Go
or Asian culture."
"The strength to think," writes Cho, "is the only beacon that helps
one get through life. Along the journey, we learn more about
ourselves."
Joseph Chaves wins MGA Winter Handicap
Jan 16, 2019 06:58 pm | Chris Garlock
http://www.usgo.org/news/2019/01/joseph-chaves-wins-mga-winter-handicap/
Eight kyu Joseph Chaves went 4-0 to win the Massachusetts Go
Association's annual Winter
Handhttp://www.usgo.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01.06_Joseph_Chaves_and_Benjamin_Gunby_both_3_and_0_facing_off_in_game_4.jpgicap
Tournament on January 6. A total of 18 players ranging from 6 dan to
13 kyu competed in the tournament at the Boylston Chess Club in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chaves earned $50 for his first-place
finish; tied for second place the following 3-1 players won $10
apiece: YiLin Xu 6d, Benjamin Gunby 3k, Eric Reid 4k, Josh Greene 12k
and Albert Brox 13k.
- report/photo by Eva Casey, Tournament Director and Tournament
Coordinator of the Massachusetts Go Association. Click here
(http://theworld.com/~eva/MGA_Tournament_2019_01/) to see more
photos.
photo: Joseph Chaves and Benjamin Gundy, both 3-0, face off in Round 4
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2019年2月12日星期二
2015年2期“名家现场”:范静哗:自信的异乡人 2015-03-04 14:33范静哗:自信的异乡人 李 东 范静哗,笔名得一忘二,学者、诗人、翻译家,1965年生于江苏,1987年毕业自北京师范大学外语系,后在新加坡、美国求学与研究,主要领域为华文语言文学教学、现当代英文诗歌,现在新加坡南洋理工大学从事教学研究工�½ �。在海内外多家刊物、选集中发表中英文诗作、译作,出版诗集、译著、学术著作多部,应邀在中、美、新等地参加国际 诗歌节等活动。 诗歌贯穿生活始终 李 东:范老师您好!先从您的笔名谈起吧,“得一忘二”让人很容易记住,其意味也令人觉�¾9 7奇妙。可否请您谈谈笔名的由来? 范静哗:这个笔名和我出生成长的环境直接相关。我1965年出生在江苏北部的农村,小时候很贫穷,除了春节会有几分压岁钱(逐渐变成了一
2015-03-04 14:33
范静哗:自信的异乡人
李 东
范静哗,笔名得一忘二,学者、诗人、翻译家,1965年生于江苏,1987年毕业自北京师范大学外语系,后在新加坡、美国求学与研究,主要领域为华文语言文学教学、现当代英文诗歌,现在新加坡南洋理工大学从事教学研究工作。在海内外多家刊物、选集中发表中英文诗作、译作,出版诗集、译著、学术著作多部,应邀在中、美、新等地参加国际
诗歌节等活动。
诗歌贯穿生活始终
李 东:范老师您好!先从您的笔名谈起吧,"得一忘二"让人很容易记住,其意味也令人觉得奇妙。可否请您谈谈笔名的由来?
范静哗:这个笔名和我出生成长的环境直接相关。我1965年出生在江苏北部的农村,小时候很贫穷,除了春节会有几分压岁钱(逐渐变成了一两毛)之外,平时是不会有零花钱的,所以假若得到什么需要钱买的东西那就是很了不得的事了。例如,夏天里,除了自家菜园里的蔬菜类瓜果,如茄子、菜瓜、西红柿之外,假若能吃到半个烂苹果烂桃子什么的,也一样会高兴得忘乎所以。我们小孩子为了这么一点毫不足道的东西,得意成那个样子,似乎忘掉了世界上一切其他的好东西。例如,拿一个"袁大头"换来两张彩色透明的糖纸,然后在妈妈面前显摆,我妈妈便又好气又好笑地说:看你那得一忘二的样子。但对于一个小孩,那一点"所得"带来的满足和喜悦却那么真实,根本不是其他更宏大遥远的未得或可得之物所能比拟的。后来长大了,知道自己能够得到自己喜爱的那一点点是多么重要,何必再去和别人比呢。
李 东:您所从事的工作,都取得一定成就。比如说教学,您编有数种教材;从事翻译,出版多部译著;从事学术研究,论文刊发重要刊物及在国际会议上宣读……请您详细介绍一下目前情况。
范静哗:我毕业自北京师范大学外文系,父亲是老师,大概我注定要从事教学工作的。我先在南京的东南大学教书十三年,主要是英语语言文学与翻译的教学,然后来新加坡读书、工作。教学教材、学术论文是工作的一部分,学术翻译算是研究的附带产品。我的学术专长是英语现当代诗歌,因为在英语国家做这个研究,所以研究与发表论文也是在英语世界的学术界,在这一点上中国国内的现当代外国文学研究自然是比较落后一点。不过,翻译介绍国外诗歌倒是我阅读与学术生活中最开心的一部分。
目前,我的全职工作是从事汉语语言文学文化教学与研究,包括教师培训、本科与研究生课程,我 开设的课程包括儿童文学、语言交流互动、当代诗歌的教学与写作等。我日常用于学术的时间主要分为三大块:汉语语言文学教学研究、英语文学研究、翻译与写作,应该说兴趣范围是蛮宽的,但实在不好说有什么成就。因为身居国外,与不同国家的诗人们有所接触,因此也做一些汉诗英译的工作,不过都没有计划;我的翻译主要还是从个人阅读中延生出来的。
仅就翻译来说,我至今还没有出版一本诗歌译著(2015年应该会有两本诗歌译作出版),虽然我在各种期刊杂志上译介的诗人诗作收集起来应该够编几本书了;未结集出版的原因多少也反映出当代翻译诗歌的出版现状。前几年,国内诗歌出版比较冷,我曾和几个出版社谈过推出一些国外当代有影响的诗人,但当时几乎没有出版社会愿意购买诗歌翻译的版权,而在杂志上一次十首左右的量可以暂不考虑版权;最近几年诗歌出版开始热了一些,但我也没有主动联系国内的出版社,很多东西都已经在网上或杂志上了,也就没再想着结集出版,有些早先介绍过的诗人后来也有别的译者做了更全面的翻译。
李 东:从当年的苏北农村,到国内大学任教,再到出国深造、国外任教,这一路走来,文学扮演着怎样的角色?
范静哗:从家乡出去上大学,然后在国内工作,继而到国外求学工作,这一切时空转换中惟一不变的纽带便是文学,而且可以说正是对诗歌的热爱与追求才引领我走上了这样的一条路。走上这条路,我觉得小时候的教化很重要,而这一点在当前的教育中似乎是比较欠缺的。与文字的亲近感真的需要从小培养,我觉得在当今这个视觉文化大有侵占书写文化的大环境下,我们需要进一步开发儿童对于汉语文字的迷恋。
我觉得我对于文学的热爱有很大原因是从小就收到的文学熏陶。我的大伯伯受过很好的教育,因为解放前在国统区当教师,在文革中打成反革命,在家乡接受管制劳动。在我还没上小学的时候,我们会在农闲的雨天或乘凉的夏夜里,听他吟唱古诗,讲文学轶事;这应该对我产生了潜移默化的影响。同时,我父亲是小学教师,在我大概七八岁的时候,我父亲买回一本儿童诗集,大概两百多页的儿歌。我三四年级的时候,就读了我父亲上学的文学课本,里面有中国经典小说的章节,也有普希金的童话诗等作品。到了小学高年级的时候,我已经看繁体版的《唐诗三百首》。因此,作为农村小孩,我的青少年时期得到的文学熏陶算是好的。
我在初中时发表过最初的诗歌,那是1970年代末。进入高中时毫不犹豫地选读文科,而学外语则是因为在中学图书管里读到了两本解放前出版的诗歌著作,一本是余振翻译的《莱蒙托夫诗选》,除了他的代表性诗篇之外,我还清楚记得其中一个有关皮格马利翁的意象(大意是"造物主拜倒在他的造物面前"),这让我很着迷;另一本则是介绍英语诗歌的专著,我至今还能想起那本书是如何分析华兹华斯的《独孤的刈麦女》的节奏与意象的。可以说,这两本书令我决定报读了大学的英文专业。1980年代是中国人文学界最热闹的时期,西方近百年的思潮涌入中国的十年中,我在那时候最早接触到美国的自白派诗歌,从而决定了我后来的学术研究从美国六十年代诗歌切入,至今仍然是我的专长领域。我记得我决定出国求学的一个主要原因就是,在1990年代,国内的外国文学教材教学止于二战前后,在国内几乎不能直接接触到当代诗歌的文本,因此出国读书就是为了读在国内读不了的方向,所以选择了在国外也很少有人读的现当代英语诗歌。
现在可以说,我整个生活中最重要的贯穿始终的就是诗歌,即便我的诗写得不算优秀,但我相信我还是可以将诗歌译介做得不错。
汉语诗处于最好的发展阶段
李 东:外国作品的翻译和引进对中国文学的影响应该说是巨大的,这其中翻译家自然功不可没,甚至有专家指出"优秀的翻译家,贡献超出作家本身"。作为译者,您如何看待翻译工作?
范静哗:除非极端的保守-保护主义者或者原教旨主义者,在任何语言文化中都没有谁会否认翻译对本族语言文化的意义。然而,几乎每一种文化都会在某个阶段对外来文化采取某种抵抗的姿态,而文化抵抗或者文明冲突必然影响到外语和翻译。稍加考察,我们就会发现,翻译通常会具有很强的功利性和工具性,而进一步观察,我们便会发现抵抗姿态几乎会紧随翻译潮的脚跟而来,这种抵抗通常是以反思并再开发自己的语言文化传统为号召;然而再进一步呢,我们会发现这种号召之所有具有反响恰恰是因为翻译的挤压。我的意思是,如果一种语言文化自身的承继没有出现重大断裂,翻译通常是一个他者,一种参照,一种外援。
然而,中国现代汉语语言文化相对特殊一点。在白话语言文学的发展初期,翻译所起的作用是不可估量的;这不仅表现在文字与写作方式上以欧化(表达)语法为母本的构建,更因为我们的知识系统的重新构建。紧接着是现代(派)文学(民国时期为主),我们的文学整个观念和表现形式上都是学习借鉴外国文学的,而那个时候正是我们语言以及感知和表征方式的革命性转换期,相当于托马斯·库恩所谓的范式转换。然后是语言文学对于翻译的抵抗,除却社会政治等因素之外,这种抵抗从语言上说是以"为工农兵服务"这个看似回归本土的诉求作为号召的,接着便是我们都知道的以极端工具化的语言写成的文革文学。当我们站在当下这个语言相对自觉的高度来看,文革后的文学其实不过是重续了民国时期语言文学的未竟之业,尤其是像朦胧诗那一代人虽然牢牢占据了文学史的一个转捩点,但他们对于当代汉语语言和写作的贡献也许没有那么大。倒是之后朦胧诗之后的一代人,一些声称自己是文学上的狼孩子的作者,对当代汉语语言和写作起到了更具开创性的意义,而这些狼孩子恰恰承认自己喝的是(西方)狼奶。
当我们说翻译作为一种他者的时候,很可能就是我们自己的语言日趋自足的时候。自足,也就是"盈则亏"的状态。一方面,语言的自足促成使用这一语言的写作者有一种意气风发的自信,如鱼在水,沉溺于自身的语言文化系统,基本上对翻译的要求是要"译-易-移入",要以"我"为标准,要"同化"外来语言文化,这实际上也就是排斥翻译中的"异"性。另一方面,语言自足状态下必有一个暗涌的潜流,这就是自足状态下的语言身份焦虑;在这个状态下,敏感的具有先见之明的作家就要担心语言无新意的重复,忧虑语言使用的惯性化,文学创作的创新能力因此减弱。我感觉目前我们似乎有了这样的倾向。这在当前的翻译中,尤其是诗歌翻译中,已见端倪;而例证这一论点的恰恰是一个很吊诡的现象:译者队伍和译作数量的庞大。一方面,这说明我们的外语总体水平提升了,翻译不再玄妙神秘,普通读者感到更容易进入外国语言文学的世界;另一方面,翻译的祛魅加上自身语言的自足却又令读者大众对于翻译语言的要求更加同化,这往往是以牺牲外国语言特异性也代价的。
就当前国内的诗歌翻译而言,我的总体感觉是业余译者太多,构成了一个很大的基数,而这些译者所产生的翻译文本往往也只是增加了数量。一边是某些外国诗人在汉语中有许多种并不出彩的版本,另一边是我们觉得可读的外国诗歌翻译太少。结果,译者与译作量的庞大并不能在质上产生冲击,反而进一步掩盖了翻译能够带来的新异性。诗歌翻译最不能牺牲的正是语言的特异性,而现在我们有多少诗歌译文能够在尊重原文的基础上给予读者语言的冲击?
翻译,就其本质而言,有两种不同的观念:化入与存异。这两种观念会具有不同的使命,也会使翻译具有不同的命运。我们都有必要认真思考文学翻译,尤其是诗歌翻译,在当前的使命与命运。在我看来,诗歌译者需要做一个自觉的他者,一个自信的异乡人。所谓自觉,就是要有理智地与译入语保持必要的距离,保持一种外地口音,而不要一味取悦译入语的读者。所谓自信,就是要真正地以外语语境为依据呈现原文的语言风格。
李 东:从您目前翻译的作品来看,您觉得中国诗歌和其他国家或地区相比,存在哪些差异?形成这种差异的原因是什么?中国诗歌目前处于怎样的状态?
范静哗:这个问题太大,我不知道谁敢把这样做比较或说出什么原因,因此我必须说明,我只是从我有限的阅读来谈谈感想。
中国当代诗与其他国家相比有何差距或差异,我总觉得这个比较是一个陷阱。这里确实有陷阱,一种思维陷阱。要谈不同语言的诗歌之间有何差异,除了说不同语言文化产生属于自己的诗歌这样似乎并无异议与意义的话之外,实际上是要假定并承认诗歌不仅有放之四海而皆准的标准而且这些标准对于任何语言文化、任何时代都同等有效。但这种思维的前提恰恰是要承认所有语言的诗歌都是平等的,每种语言的诗歌在不同时代的进展也是可比的,例如一种语言中的诗歌进程是一致向着某个方向发展的,每种语言都没有断裂。这就是一个悖论了。我要说的是,不同语言文化环境下可能创作出来的诗歌必然是不同的,很难定下一套标准用以有效地比较不同诗歌而不失之偏颇。
不过,正如我们可以翻译诗歌,而且理解欣赏另一种诗歌一样,诗歌肯定有某种共性。我想,一方面我们可以从汉语诗歌发展做汉语诗歌内部的历时的比较,另一方面可以就诗歌表现方式、关注层面和写作(终结)目的与其他诗歌做共时的比照。
你说要我从我目前的翻译来谈这个问题,因此我先就翻译谈我们的诗歌与外国诗歌之间的共时与历时关系。我通常会少翻译所谓的大师,因为大师级的东西是已被时间证明了的,大师留给我们的可能更多的是技艺,是人们通过释经式解读分析出来的。大师处理主题呈现为诗的方式之所以能够为我们所用,很大一部分原因是因为我们站在时间的有利位置上,我们让他们停下来给予我们时间反思。我们阅读大师就像是回头与他们对视,当然会看到很具有穿透力的东西。假若我们与大师同行,恐怕所见必有局限,甚至会有很多不能理解甚至不欣赏的。大师是与历时的存在,虽然我们总试图将他们共时化。
我翻译的基本上是当下比较公认的优秀诗人,有些是创作力还很旺盛的。我觉得把这样的诗人介绍给国内读者可能更具有当下性意义。我们需要在共时状态阅读外国诗人,但共时状态其实是很难达到的。共时还暗含着同时在场,就是要与外国诗人共享一个语境。而我们知道,哪怕所谓全球化、现代化,在不同语言文化的小语境中,其接受方式、意义与功能都是不一样的。当我们写诗的绝大多数人还不能直接阅读一种比较强势的外语时,我们真的很难说是与外国诗歌处于共时的状态;毕竟,翻译只是将他人的文本译入自己的语言,而翻译总是有偏见的,偏见的一个表现就是选择"高于"我们的诗人来翻译,让我们"学习"。存在于这种选择中的偏正可能会进一步使我们的诗人与当下脱节,不能与当下国外诗歌同时在场。当然,同时在场本身也可能是一个迷思;不过我在此还是简单化一点吧。
从汉语诗歌发展来说,我会认为目前的汉语诗歌可说是处于最好的发展阶段。我这样说的原因是,当前写诗所使用的语言可说是我们现代汉语史最成熟的阶段,而就绝大多数诗人而言,写作基本上还是比较自由的,从语言风格、表现形式到发表平台总的说来没有太多限制,目前我们写作的内容也是最接近生活的阶段,虽然内容上可能具有某些限制,但是诗歌原本就应该运用某些技巧、修辞策略等,使得诗歌免于成为政治、社会的附庸,因此诗人应该让表现方式成为传达内容的保障。诗歌是以文学性的语言对生活进行陌生化的呈现,那么不直接直白地反应和回应现实应该是合情合理的。我们看看前苏联的白银时期的诗歌就知道即便有外来的限制,诗歌依然可以非常优秀。从汉语诗歌发展的语言条件来说,目前是汉语诗歌最好的发展阶段。
上面我说到语言自足与自信的话题,现在可以先接着这个话题谈。现代汉语在文革后才开始重新转向语言本身,经过朦胧诗一代的初步实践,在其后的第三代诗群基本实现了语言的自觉,这种自觉体现为回归-回到日常语言,并且这种努力和实验产出了一批较成功的诗歌文本,开始构建出一种新的诗歌语言模式。紧接着便是当下的诗歌语言,有点恣意也有点放纵(而在当今仍然保持着语言使用的克制力的十二年恰恰是第三代诗群同时代的人)。
当下,写诗者对语言的使用更加没有约束,没有任何预设。这可以理解为我们目前处于语言上最自信、最放松的阶段,因此诗歌写作本身也较少有焦虑感,这种状态很适合诗人探索语言表现力和诗歌表现手法。这样,当前诗歌的语体跨度就可以很大。例如,非口语化的诗人中,许多诗人风格非常特异,例如柏桦,例如王敖;我举这两个诗人为例,是想说同在汉语诗现场的诗人可以是身居任何空间的,汉语诗的现场是诗歌本身构建的一个抽象空间。
语言上的放松也可以理解为对语言的滥用,典型的表现是随着口语诗而来的从主题到语言的油滑贫嘴,多了很多废话和口水。口语诗以反叛姿态出场,与它所要表现的生活层面有关(例如"下半身"写作就是反映了生活的某个层面),但诗歌不仅仅是要从语言到内容都复现日常生活的庸常片段,更要在诗歌文本中创造一个小世界,与所折射的现实互相映照。
之所以从语言角度说起,主要是因为当代汉诗写作最明显的问题是就与语言有关,当代汉语与西方很多语言在这一点上有着非常显著的区别。现代汉语中断裂现象比较明显,这对现代汉诗传统的建立产生较大影响,反映出来的一个明显特点是,现当代汉诗的发展可说是断层式的。这一点也是与西方主要语言之间的差异,西方主要语言几个世纪来的发展是连贯的,不同风格的诗歌所使用的语言具有较大的重叠,因此诗歌也更容易进入更大的读者群。语言不断层还使得这样的语言有一个相对坚韧的核心部分,能够吸收其他语言的一些特征丰富自己而不引起语言身份的焦虑,不担心丢失自己的本质。例如,美国现代派诗人发现中国古诗,形成了意象派,但意象派诗歌浓重的中国唐诗语言方式却能够自然而然地成为美国诗歌的有机部分,丰富他们的诗歌传统。对比当代汉诗,我们会发现两个比较极端的现象:一方面是我们在文革后比较生硬的欧洲现代派话语方式,另一方面是未加提炼的口语直接入诗而成为语言注水的口水诗。这实际上反映出现代汉语似乎"主心骨"不够坚韧,因此,会有比较明显的一窝蜂现象,说明很多诗人没有扎根于汉语深处。
不过,我仍然认为,我们目前的汉语诗处于最好的发展阶段,诗歌总量无疑是现代汉诗史上最丰富的阶段,诗歌总体质量也比过去任何时候都更高。然而,因为诗歌写作所使用的语言缺少一种主导的共核,写作中明显有一种趋同现象,作品内部世界相对单薄,当代汉诗的精品少,缺少大师级诗人。
诗歌回到公众是一件好事
李 东:您虽身在国外,但对国内诗坛也是相当熟悉。每当那些"诗歌事件",让诗歌重回大众视野的同时,总是有意或无意地伤害着诗歌。当前,余热尚未散去的"诗歌红人"余秀华,多角度横扫了各大媒体和网络朋友圈,褒奖与谩骂并行,众说纷纭。对于这种现象,您如何看待?
范静哗:先注明一下时间,我回答这个问题的时间是2月15日。我很不愿意谈论这个问题,也怕当这个访谈刊出时,恐怕早已过了这个事件的有效期了。那些购买了她诗集的读者,如果像他们所说的那样感动,恐怕应该已经来得及读完了。希望广大读者认真阅读她的诗,希望网络上的热正在读者心中发酵诗歌带给他们的感动,并进而催生对于诗歌的持续热爱,而不是只对每个"这一个"诗歌事件做出反应。
我倾向于认为余秀华诗歌热是一个公众事件。公众事件的最大特点是在很短时间内就裹挟了很多"看客"(spectators,我说的看客并无贬义,指外来的观看的人,诗歌的看客就是平时并不怎么读诗,但因为这个事件而读诗的人),形成了传播学上所谓的"景观"(spectacle)事件,看客们往往在主流声音大潮中跟着喊一嗓子,不仅证明了自己符合(附和)主流,也成为了大众之一,并藉此感到自己的从未意识到的感觉(感觉不是有意识的思考得出的观点)竟然也是如此具有道德等舆论或政治的正确性,进而以为自己也具有了一定高度的判断力。当然,公众事件往往由某引人注目的人物推起(这里的注目再次指向事件与看客的联系),经由媒介渲染,唤起公众的附和。通常,假若媒体持批判态度,那么这个事件就成了集体吐槽,到这个时候任何理性的另一种观点基本上就会被淹没;一石激起千层浪,到这个时候就只有浪,而再不会回到那颗石头。也许等这个访谈刊出后,有人读到这个访谈会回过头去想,余秀华的诗到底有多优秀,他读余秀华的诗之后使得他能够进一步阅读其他诗人了吗?如果有的话,就是开始逐渐回到诗歌了。
对余秀华诗歌的喜爱原本应该是个人化的,包括事件关键点上的沈睿,包括之前喜爱或欣赏她诗歌的那几位编辑,这种喜爱都具有个人的真诚性。沈睿成了这个公众事件中"那个引人注目的人"(当然,后来那个转发她的人用了一个更加吸引眼球的标题),媒体将她个人的喜爱(包括她不着调地把余秀华比作迪金森)作为渲染的一个基点,终而形成了"余秀华景观事件"。在这个过程中,沈浩波带个个人的不喜爱就成了这个事件的对立面,无论他的观点是否更加理性(他的不欣赏是以诗歌文本分析为例证的)。我们先不去判断沈浩波是否代表了中国诗歌的大男子主义等,但必须允许沈浩波不喜欢余秀华的诗,允许他有个人的诗歌趣味和标准。与此相对的是,沈睿提出诗歌的首先标准是感动,广大读者被唤起的也是感动,然而感动如何成为标准呢?
视觉研究中有一个术语叫做afterimage余象,就是看过一个图像之后,转过后头或闭上眼还会短暂滞留在眼中的图像。没有真正经过思考的观看,通常在这个余象消失后不久,原图像的细节随之消失,最后记得的恐怕只是观看行为,亦即:哦,那个我好像看过,但是具体是什么不记得了。所有景观事件对于大部分只是参与了观看的人来说,也就是这个结果。眼球效果导致的短暂兴奋会过去,只留下"我看过"的余象,以及随同观看行为进一步强化了的对当代诗的已有印象("比起余秀华,当代诗都写成了什么狗屎呀")。整个事件的公众参与者里,有许多人说自己很少读诗或很久没有读诗了,今天真的被感动了,或者很简单地说,我就是喜欢这样的诗。然而,很少读诗的人,对于诗的判断力从何而来?
诗歌回到公众是一件好事,但绝不应该以景观事件的方式回去。如何将事件转化为project规划项目才是当代媒体可以也应该做的事,例如上海的诗歌船、武汉的地铁诗等等,都像公众展示当代诗的多个层面。
李 东:近些年,从网络论坛、个人博客再到微信,诗歌的传播方式不断发生变化。特别是微信这种新媒介的出现,被越来越多的人接受,诗歌随着"万能的微信圈"便捷而又迅速传播开来,也因此有人说"诗歌将迎来新的高潮",您如何看待新媒体对诗歌发展的这种影响?
范静哗:传播媒体一轮又一轮更新,每一次更新都会淘汰一批旧媒介下的受众,吸引一批新受众。所有媒介的野心都是要将自己的影响触角伸向每一个人(的某个侧面),但假若传播的内容没有变化,变化的只是传播的方式,那么对人的影响也不会有本质的变化。当然,当一种媒介逐渐成熟时,传播的内容会调整得更加符合传播的模式,例如电子化时代的传播内容更加视觉化,以更直观在更短暂的时间内呈现内容;与此相应的是阅读的快捷浅表化,可能要写得"瞬间吸引人或有意味(instantlyintriguingorinteresting)"才会被读下去。当传播方式从第一代媒介(纸媒)到第二代媒介(电子媒介),一个最革命性的变化是传播过程加入了互动性,受众以评论的方式参与了传播内容的延伸与构建。这在中国的传播环境下,对诗歌的最大影响首先是发表的自主性加强了,诗歌的个人化更加可能。当每个人的写作都可以不考虑审查(在此指最宽泛意义上的审查,如包括不同刊物编辑的质量把控和趣味导向),直接由个人上载传播,这就促进了写作及其自由,也导致了诗歌标准的去中心化。
标准的去中心化并非没有标准,而是标准和趣味的小众化,同一个论坛或者同一个微信圈有自己相对接近的趣味;而互动性会进一步加强这种趣味。我认为从网络论坛到个人博客,再到微信圈,并没有本质上的变化,主要是从固定平台变为流动平台,互动的即时性加强了,但仍然是在第二媒介模式下。如果说新媒体能带来什么诗歌高潮,那么Web2.0就已经造成了诗歌的高潮。况且,微信圈似乎并不见得比BBS、个人博客更加开放,只是由于诗歌篇幅较短,更适于用在手机上用微信传播并互动,但互动的速度加快也更容易促成阅读的快捷浅表化。新媒体下的传播最有利于阅读中的互动,有可能从总体上提升诗歌的创作水准,但这个水准的提高可能有上限,有趋同的倾向。诗歌的传播可以更广更快,但诗歌的写作不应该更快。我相信,包括诗歌在内的文学在新媒介下的传播还会进一步与传统媒介结合,微信也不会例外。
好诗之好很难被标准化
李 东:微信圈最近广泛传播着一位诗人、翻译家几年前的文章《好诗实际上没有标准》,作者的结论建立在"好诗永远产生于标准建立过程中,标准一旦建立就迅速被坏诗攻占"。您认同这样的观点吗?怎样区分一首诗歌的好与坏?
范静哗:说好诗没有标准,更相当于说好没有标准,不是说诗没有标准。诗首先得是诗,有某种成为诗歌的特质,然后才能谈什么是好诗。好诗之好是无法标准化、规则化或量化的,这就犹如武功高低不是靠掌握了什么招式一样。我愿意从这个角度理解黄灿然所说的话,相信他不是说诗没有标准,我相信作为一个诗人都不会这么说。
虽然好诗也许没有标准,但我认为评价一首诗好不好肯定有一些大家接受的角度,仅仅说感动肯定是不够的。很多人读余秀华会很感动,但她感动大众的诗不一定就会多么好;同样,被余秀华诗歌感动的人,很可能不会被T.S.艾略特或者拉金感动。
所以黄灿然说的有一定道理,好诗产生于标准建立的过程中,这是因为好诗以自身建立好诗的标准,这一标准一旦建立,就会有另外的好诗更新或重建一个更合乎诗歌发展的标准,同时原有标准开始失效。好诗的标准会在哪些方面更新,也就是好诗的标准呈现在哪些方面。我认为诗好不好可以从以下几个方面看。
第一:诗对语言的创造性运用。所谓创造性运用就是要让人觉得诗人发现了语言,即便那语言是普通读者都会懂的,但却是普通读者没想到这么用的,而且让读者觉得这样用是好的。对于语言要么有一种展延性,要么有一种拂去惯常之灰尘的重新指向所指对象的澄明性。在这个意义上,例如,堆砌优美辞藻是低下的,因为那不能达到以上两条。
第二:诗歌独特的表达艺术。诗歌所要表达的内容不应该是仅仅用大白话就可以说出来的,否则就不需要用诗歌的方式了。诗歌是一种独特的表达方式,用雅克布森对于文学语言的说法就是陌生化,非日常化。诗能否以人人都能够理解的方式表达人们无法表达的意思与情感,是评判诗成为诗的一个重要方面。诗首先是预设或规定一种解读框架,犹如进入地狱之门前,首先要放弃希望,才能看到希望。如果读诗之前,先要想这首诗要说明白什么事或什么道理,那么就已经不是读诗了。诗歌作为表达的艺术,和上一条一样,可以从两个方面看。第一,最精致精准的表达;第二,以朴素的方式最直接澄明透彻到骨髓的表达。前者可能表达得细致入微,是语言的洛可可艺术,而后者可能是一种白描的得意忘言的表达。
第三:诗歌的内容与音乐性。在当下,没有人会觉得诗歌必须写什么,什么是不可以入诗的。诗歌的内容已经没有设限,诗歌的意义高于意思,诗歌永远会有"一粒沙中看世界"的可能性。诗歌必然有音乐性(音韵的节奏,视觉的节奏等,从而也会上升到心理的节奏),音乐性使得诗歌与散文得以区分。诗歌会因其音乐性而造成意思的多义含混,这是说诗歌的形式元素会与内容有一种张力,既使得形式与内容之间存有间隙,但又将它们扣紧在一起,互相为对方服务。口语诗的音乐性还没有充分建立,这是我们当代诗人以及评论家们需要努力的。
第四:诗歌的情感。现代诗歌更应该是抒情诗,没有必要非得为了描述社会事件而写诗。抒情,包括冷抒情,应该基于个人,只有个人的才可能是人类的。有关个人性,也可从两层意义上看:一,极端的个人令人类的体验走向极致;二,普遍的情感获得大众诉求。个人的深处,无论与社会多么隔绝,都是人性至深处的东西。个人可以分享的情感是人人都能共鸣的,这就更需要语言的艺术性。所以,有的诗歌不是因为写得好,而是因为敢写而被人抬举。而有些诗歌则是因为人人共鸣,而写的不错,就被人人传唱。只要是人的,就有人类性。简而言之,好诗给人提供一种新的感受世界(包括自己)的方式。
李 东:上次交谈中,您提到有一类诗歌是"表演性诗歌",这个提法与朗诵诗歌有关,但不仅限于朗诵,还涉及到诗歌创作时的一些表现手法等等。愿您就这个话题再谈谈。
范静哗:诗歌,最初的形式肯定是以表演保存下来的,而在这过程中音乐性起到了很大的作用。诗歌的音乐性还使得受众(最初是听众,然后是读者)更易于理解诗歌。在阅读时代,诗歌一方面逐渐具有了视觉节奏(例如,中国古代诗歌不分行,以固定的格律让读者在阅读中分清句读),另一方面又逐渐要依赖与发挥反复阅读,因而诗歌可以更加抛开重复的词句,使得一首诗中的内容更加密集。在当前这个自由诗时代,很多诗人越写越口语化,诗歌字面形式的元素一再减弱,这就使得诗歌的阅读魅力一再下降。为了增强诗歌的魅力,于是真人演绎就成了一种増魅术,毕竟诗人本人的朗读具有某种不可替代的韵味,正如本雅明在《机器复制时代的艺术作品》中所论述的那样。诗人朗读可说是当代诗歌的一种独特的消费形式,有资本的去亲耳听朗读,躬逢其盛,可以亲见诗人本尊,获得某种本真性(authenticity),感受那种在场的韵味(aura);没有资本的就只能通过自己观看文字。
当前的口语诗很多时候依赖腔调,这个腔调很多时候并不是诗歌文字所显明的,因此许多口语诗人实际上是将作品的阐释权抓在自己手中,口语表演成为诗歌内容不可割裂的一部分。不好说这是好事还是坏事,但显然获得表演成功的诗人会越来越强化这一层面,那么诗歌最终会越来越成为一种声音表演艺术,一种集体围观艺术,一种一次性艺术,一种肤浅化的艺术。与音乐的不停演绎就产生新的意义不同,这样的诗歌甚至排斥他人的朗读,这使得读诗过程中发现自己与诗人之间逐渐产生了神秘联系这样的私密体验也会消失。口语诗的表演性其实并没有给诗歌文字文本阅读过程本身增加魅力,而不过是将原本属于文字文本阅读的魅力带进了表演中,拓展了文本的范围,而诗歌文字文本则被进一步稀释。现在,学院派与民间派的区分几乎没有了,也许逐渐出现的是表演型诗文本与阅读型诗文本的区别。
李 东:在各种体裁文学作品中,诗歌应该是最难把控的。您除了写诗、翻译,还从事诗歌研究和评论,您觉得诗歌评论对诗歌创作的指导意义有多大?
范静哗:正如前面所说的,好诗之好很难被标准化。因此诗歌评论通常会变成对既有文本的阐释和挖掘。如果诗评家不是一味说好话,那么他能够期待做到的,除了导读之外,至多是令有意识的诗人借助一双胜任的读者的眼睛看自己的创作;一个诗人自己的创作方式会因此而改变吗?我比较持怀疑态度。诗评是分析性的,而一首诗(甚至一本诗集)是一个有机整体,其中的细节、修辞以及整个结构是一种动态平衡,很难批评其一而保持全部的平衡。
好作家在地域文化深处如鱼得水
李 东:前不久您作为嘉宾参加了"亚洲著名作家走进新陕西"采风活动,通过这次深入陕西实地考察,您感受到的是一种怎样的地域文化?
范静哗:陕西是中国文明的摇篮,而延安是新中国的摇篮;这是一个黄土的摇篮,一个被深壑切出的高原的摇篮。这趟陕西采风之旅给我最深的感受是内心深处与泥土的亲近感几乎三十年后再次被唤起了。一切都可能变,尤其是全球的城市风貌这些年都在迅速变迁,而惟一不变的是真正的泥土。陕北的黄土文化奠基了更深的汉文化,而这又与整个中华文明的历史紧密相连,这一点当我进入陕北之后具有了更深切的认识。与南方的亲水文化相比,这种亲土文化相应地产生了一种粗犷阳刚质朴的文学艺术,我在阅读诸如阎安等诗人的文学作品时也能加深了这一认识。这种地域文化挖掘得越深就越能挖掘到一种文明的核,正如一个人的个人性的极致具有人性的极致一样。一个好的作家应该是在地域文化的深处如鱼得水,以地方性的文明因子创作出与外部所有文明的相呼应的作品。
李 东:随着诺贝尔文学奖花落中国,越来越多的人开始关注中国文学,中国也会有越来越多的文学作品走的向世界各国。就目前而言,中国文学在新加坡影响如何?有哪些作家或作品比较受欢迎?
范静哗:中国文学走向世界,一开始是依托于外国大学课程的,那时候当然就是以古典文学为主。大概到了1960年代开始,国外的大学才开始有中国现代文学课程。随之而来的是一些翻译,这又与中国民国以及之前的留学生开始在大学任教有关。西方真正关注中国当代文学还是在中国改革开放政策实施之后,当文革后的中国留学生进入西方大学科研机构时,西方研究中国现当代文学的力量才得以充实,虽然这些人可能并不直接翻译中文作品,但他们的中国现当代文学研究促进了西方对于中国文学的关注和消费。当然,这些关注并不可能是全面的,只能是一种补充,一种他者。新加坡对于中国文学的关注相对说来会比西方来得及时一点。新加坡有很多中文书店,但台湾作品较多,这是因为新加坡和台湾一直保持交流,与中国大陆正式建交是在1990年。在此之前,大陆书籍是不会进入新加坡的。由于与中国大陆的隔膜,加上新加坡是一个以英语作为教育语言和通用语的技术导向的小国,其人文修养依赖于英文,所以汉语文学很不发达。这儿的生活节奏又非常快,因此新加坡普通读者倾向于阅读短小轻松的随笔与短篇小说或言情小说,而当地的华文诗歌创作则比较多的是以日常生活场景切入的抒情作品。新加坡每年举办作家节,除了邀请海外知名的华人作家如高行健、戴思杰、郭小橹、马建等,受邀来新的中国大陆作家包括毕飞宇、北岛、余华、王安忆、卫慧、苏童、阎连科、盛可以、麦家、何家弘、张悦然等。中国当代诗人相对说来还比较少,这也与新加坡人的阅读习惯和能力有关。
农历新年将至,时间一下子飞奔起来。距春节不足半月,2期出刊在即,访谈栏目的几个约稿仍遥遥无期。
我想到范静哗老师,不久前他受邀回国参加"亚洲著名作家走进新陕西"采风活动。报到前一晚10点,我顺利接到范老师后,与他一起等候一位印尼作家。
范老师侃侃而谈,两杯热咖啡遭受冷遇。晚点的航班抵达,我的聆听意犹未尽。采风途中,几次和他聊文学,感受他渊博的学识和新颖的观点,并录音反复体味。
这次访谈,在未和范老师约定的情况下,直接发去提纲,随后告知时间紧急,希望尽快完成。访谈完成了,并没有因时间仓促而降低精彩程度。
范老师说:"在我看来,诗歌译者需要做一个自觉的他者,一个自信的异乡人。"而在我看来,诗人译诗是绝对靠谱的,他就是那个"自信的异乡人"。
2019年1月22日星期二
张首晟到底是怎么死的?
送交者: 王守仁[☆品衔R4☆] 于 2019-01-22 19:23 已读 11565 次 2 赞 |
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张首晟之死地点及大量细节首次曝光! 送交者: 包大廳[☆知兵非好战☆] 于 2019-01-22 5:43 已读 806 次 1 赞 大字阅读
张首晟到底是怎么死的?真像扑朔迷离。有人说是是中共特工怕张首晟被捕泄密,下手将其杀害。王建都可以杀害,何况张首晟呢。有人说是美国特工怕张首晟将太多机密泄漏给共产党,将他暗杀。等等各种猜测都有。6parker.com 如果是中共特工海外行动小组下的手,郭媒体早就闹翻天了。要知道王岐山派人远在法国干掉王建,郭媒体都密集派遣密探组织侦探调查,并在国际上制造巨大声浪,让王岐山到现在都脱不了干系。要是中共在美国动手,以郭媒体在国内特工界的密如蛛网的情报来源,郭媒体早就将此案搞个兜底翻了。但与王建案不同的是,这次郭媒体对张首晟案一声不发,完全置身事外,这说明张首晟之死确实不是中共派人来动手的。郭媒体也不想坏了别人的事。6parker.com 经过包通社调查,张首晟确实是自杀身亡。但是这个自杀身亡和大家想象的自杀完全不一样。联邦密探早就知道他在为中共服务,故意让张首晟知道他已经处在FBI的调查之中。让他生活在恐惧之中,不敢再泄密,让张首晟以为自己的一举一动都在密探的监视之中,所有的电子数码足迹全部被记录排查。这就让张教授如惊弓之鸟,无法过正常生活。这是FBI 惯用的手段之一,让被监视者知道自己被监视。一则可以让嫌犯自乱阵脚露出更多破绽,二则可以心理上打击嫌犯,便于将来审讯中让嫌犯心理崩溃。三则让嫌犯出于担心,自动停止泄密或其他当前密探还无法侦测的危害国家安全的行为,减少进一步的损失。正是这种战术扰乱了张首晟的心理防线。他本来就不是间谍,根本受不了这种骚扰。所以神情恍惚茶饭不思。家人由此判断他是得了忧郁症,其实就是联邦密探的战术起了作用。6parker.com 张首晟是一个受人尊敬的科学家,在国际上和校园里都享有极高的地位,身上神圣的光环万人敬仰。习惯于这样地位的人,突然间要变成犯罪嫌犯,心理反差之大可以想象。要是真的变成罪犯,那真的就是生不如死,情愿跳楼了。联邦密探在对张首晟的观察中,完全了解了张首晟的心态,也不愿意真的让令人尊敬的张首晟教授沦为阶下囚,所以有意对张教授网开一面。6park 但是深入的调查证明,他不但将丹华公司窃取的有关能源,AI和军事有关的技术传回大陆,还可能准备把量子自旋霍尔效应芯片的技术研究方向文件,全盘交给了华为。接下来就要和华为进行实质性的商业化产品研究,立刻进行制止和逮捕已经刻不容缓。6parker.com 孟晚舟,任正非和张首晟计划在十二月初在南美某地密会,联邦密探必须立刻抓捕以避免国家遭受进一步的损失。接到中共高层线报的FBI在华盛顿胡佛大厦的总部发出了行动命令,立刻通知加拿大在温哥华抓捕在此转机的孟晚舟,狡猾的任正非因选择另一条线路躲过了落网的下常但是在美国境内接受监控的张首晟自然就是瓮中之鳖了。6parker.com 华盛顿总部星夜派出负责张教授专案的高级干探Joe Campo和他的助手Sue Thomas亲自专机直飞旧金山。鉴于案情严重,FBI旧金山Field Office现场办公厅从Concord 和Fortuna 两个分局调来了四辆冲锋车和四支全副武装的行动组直奔旧金山第一大道425号张教授的行宫,这是一座高档的海景公寓楼,张教授平时就在十九楼的一个海景公寓活动。6parker.com 之前说过,虽然张教授误入歧途,但联邦对张教授尊敬有加,实在不愿让张教授成为阶下囚,愿意给张教授一个自己选择的机会。所以现场执行抓捕的坚保密探否决了武装行动组人员破门而入的方式,而是让行动组低调看住四周防止张教授可能的潜逃可能,自己带领一个助手前往张教授的公寓,执行上峰更隐秘处理方式。6parker.com 敲开张教授的房间之后,坚保干探亮出了FBI 牌徽,告知将以间谍罪逮捕他,并告诉张教授控方证据确凿,张教授很难在审讯过程中脱罪,罪成将在狱中度过余生。于此同时为进一步粉碎张教授的心防,坚保告知张教授不必再想着去南美了,孟晚舟已经在温哥华落网!6parker.com 本来心理已经接近崩溃的张教授,哪里受得了这个惊吓和打击。顿时如五雷轰顶,世界末日来临。探员暗示性地告诉张首晟教授说,给你十分钟时间,整理一下,我们会回来将你带走,临出去时,坚保干探环视一下从张教授豪华Apartment宽敞的客厅落地窗和阳台看出去的旧金山湾区的无敌海景,城市的天际线延伸到美丽的海湾,地上看美丽壮观的Bay Bridge从张教授高层的客厅看下去略显渺小,美妙的海湾景色在远方和蓝天白云融为一体。坚保干探意味深长地说了一句,"spectacular views”,随即和助手掩门而出,到楼下个出口处把守。6parker.com 张教授知道最担心的最后的时刻终于来了,宁愿死也不能成为阶下囚。正如联邦密探估计的那样,张首晟教授绝望地走向十九楼的阳台,和壮美的蓝天融为一体,当场玉碎。6parker.com 执法的联邦探员们见事情已经结束,遂打电话给旧金山当地警察局让其跟进随后的处理,然后悄悄收队离去,留下许多不胜叹息。6parker.com 一代才子,因中共的纠缠诱惑,就这样英年早逝,死于非命,真是令人无限惋惜。6parker.com包通社深度调查部贴主:王守仁于2019_01_23 15:15:16编辑